KEBIASAAN MAKAN REMAJA KELAS X DI SMK NEGERI 2 MANADO TERHADAP FAKTOR RISIKO TERJADINYA DIABETES MELITUS

Abstract

The shift in adolescents' dietary patterns toward high-energy foods, saturated fats, and sweetened beverages triggers overweight and obesity problems. These conditions serve as primary risk factors for the development of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the future due to insulin resistance.To determine the overview of dietary habits and nutritional status (BMI-for-age) as risk factor indicators for Diabetes Mellitus among 10th-grade adolescents at SMK Negeri 2 Manado. This descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in May 2026. The sample consisted of 40 10th-grade Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) students selected using a total sampling technique. Dietary habits data were collected through interviews using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while nutritional status was determined through anthropometric measurements of weight and height based on the BMI-for-age indicator. Data analysis was presented descriptively using frequency distribution and cross-tabulation. The majority of respondents were 16 years old (55%) and male (60%). Based on the FFQ, the most frequently consumed risky foods and drinks were instant noodles (52.5% consumed 1–3x/week), packaged snacks (25% daily), fried foods (20% daily), and sweet tea (17.5% daily). Overall, 55% of respondents fell into the non-risky dietary habit category, while 45% were at risk. Regarding nutritional status, 55% of respondents had normal weight, 25% were overweight, 15% were obese, and 5% were underweight. Cross-tabulation showed that overweight and obesity conditions were found both in the non-risky dietary habit group (17.5% and 10%) and the risky group (7.5% and 5%).Although most respondents have a normal nutritional status, the prevalence of risky dietary habits along with overweight and obesity (totaling 40%) as risk factors for type 2 DM remains high. Periodic balanced nutrition education is significantly required in the school environment